A myelogram is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to visualize the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding structures. This test involves injecting a contrast dye into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the spinal cord, which is typically done through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Once the dye is injected, X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scans are performed to create detailed images of the spinal column. A myelogram helps diagnose conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, tumors, or infections that may be compressing the spinal cord or nerves.
The primary reason for conducting a myelogram is to provide detailed images of the spinal structures when other imaging techniques, like standard X-rays or MRI, are inconclusive or insufficient. It is particularly useful in evaluating spinal issues in patients who cannot undergo MRI due to contraindications, such as having metal implants. While myelograms are generally safe, they do carry some risks and potential complications. Common issues include headache, back pain, or discomfort at the injection site. More serious complications, although rare, can include allergic reactions to the contrast dye, infection at the injection site, or bleeding in the spinal canal. In some cases, the procedure may lead to complications such as spinal cord irritation or, rarely, seizures. To minimize these risks, the procedure is performed under sterile conditions, and patients are monitored for any adverse reactions following the injection. Proper pre-procedure evaluation and post-procedure care help ensure patient safety and accurate diagnostic results.
